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In mathematics, an event that occurs with high probability (often shortened to w.h.p. or WHP) is one whose probability depends on a certain number ''n'' and goes to 1 as ''n'' goes to infinity, i.e. it can be made as close as desired to 1 by making ''n'' big enough. ==Applications== The term WHP is especially used in computer science, in the analysis of probabilistic algorithms. For example, consider a certain probabilistic algorithm on a graph with ''n'' nodes. If the probability that the algorithm returns the correct answer is , then when the number of nodes is very large, the algorithm is correct with a probability that is very near 1. This fact is expressed shortly by saying that the algorithm is correct WHP. Some algorithms in which this term is used are: * Miller–Rabin primality test: a probabilistic algorithm for testing whether a given number ''n'' is prime or composite. If ''n'' is composite, the test will detect ''n'' as composite WHP. There is a small chance that we are unlucky and the test will think that ''n'' is prime. But, the probability of error can be reduced indefinitely by running the test many times with different randomizations. * Freivalds' algorithm: a randomized algorithm for verifying matrix multiplication. It runs faster than deterministic algorithms WHP. * Treap: a randomized binary search tree. Its height is logarithmic WHP. Fusion tree is a related data structure. * Online codes: randomized codes which allow the user to recover the original message WHP. * BQP: a complexity class of problems for which there are polynomial-time quantum algorithms which are correct WHP. QMA and QIP are related complexity class. * Probably approximately correct learning: A process for machine-learning in which the learned function has low generalization-error WHP. * Gossip protocols: a communication protocol used in distributed systems to reliably deliver messages to the whole cluster using a constant amount of network resources on each node and ensuring no single point of failure. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「with high probability」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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